Hamlet & St. Patrick’s Gate to Purgatory

St Patrick

Right after Hamlet confronts his father’s ghost, he and Horatio have a brief discussion about what had just occurred.

Horatio. These are but wild and whirling words, my lord.
Hamlet. I’m sorry they offend you, heartily;
Yes, ‘faith heartily.
Horatio. There’s no offence, my lord.
Hamlet. Yes, by Saint Patrick, but there is, Horatio,
And much offence too.
– Hamlet (1.5.)

I’ve often wondered what the reference to St. Patrick, if any, signified. As with every other line in every other one of his plays, Shakespeare is telling us more than he is saying, but his modern audience does not have the benefit of quickly recognizing subtle 17th century cultural references. It is up to us to pay attention and find the double meaning, the other layer in the onion that makes Shakespeare so enjoyable.

So for this St. Patrick’s Day I decided to look into the reference. As it turns out, I learned something new about Ireland’s most famous Saint.

St Patrick showing the cave of Purgatory

The small island of Lough Derg, off Ireland’s coast was once thought of as the gates to Purgatory or Hell, depending on which piece of lore you follow. According to myth, St. Patrick was visiting the island when he discovered a small cave and upon entering it, experienced visions of hell. Some stories go so far as to say Jesus himself showed Patrick the cave and caused the visions. In both stories Patrick used the cave to show his pagan converts that the afterlife does exist and what to expect if they did not profess belief in Christ. There is no proof that any of this took place, including Patrick even visiting the island, but that didn’t stop the locals from profiting from the story.

During the Middle Ages, the island acquired the reputation as the strictest and most demanding of European pilgrimage sites. Visitors had to complete a three day barefoot sojourn of contemplation around the island, as if already in Purgatory. The Catholic owned island still welcomes spiritual pilgrims seeking relief and rest from the modern world. This island promises:

Lough Derg is an island of pilgrimage set in calm lake waters, offers no distraction, no artificialities or interruptions. Instead you are warmly welcomed and cared for: there are no strangers here. 

I don’t know about you, but this sounds like my kind of vacation.

So, what does this have to do with Hamlet’s line about St. Patrick? Well, it turns out a lot. The ghost of Hamlet’s father talks of being a spirit trapped in Purgatory.

I am thy father’s spirit,
Doom’d for a certain term to walk the night,
And for the day confined to fast in fires,
Till the foul crimes done in my days of nature
Are burnt and purged away. (1.5.9-13)

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Perhaps Shakespeare pictured old Hamlet going to Purgatory via Ireland, or perhaps he wrote the play in March of 1602 and had St Patrick and the story of the gates to Purgatory on his mind. Whatever the reason, this layer of the onion is further proof that Shakespeare continues to expand my world and why I enjoy sharing his work with all of you.

Happy St. Patrick’s Day!

Works Referenced

Hamlet quick quotes Shakespeare on-line.com

Lough Derg  .loughderg.org/

St. Patrick’s Purgatory Newadvent.org

Trump, As Seen on TV

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I’ve had some of my overseas friends ask about the rise of Donald Trump. “Has America gone mad?”, is the most often asked question I’ve heard lately so I thought I would devote yet anther blog post to this train wreck of a human.

I have a confession to make. About 10 years ago I was addicted to infomercials, which led to a mild form of OCD that lasted several years. Apparently if I hear the phrase, “This (fill in the blank) is a must for keeping your house clean” I have to have (fill in the blank). Thanks to this addiction I own three vacuum cleaners, a steam cleaner (I love this gadget), all sorts of cleaning agents, and two mops. I cannot blame guests who mistakenly think I own a cleaning service.

My infomercial induced OCD would, at times, override my common sense. Once, right before a date, I was on my hands and knees using my steam cleaner on the bathroom floor because I found two strands of hair on the floor. Thankfully my date didn’t run out the door when he found me wiping the floor, but he did have a hard time using my bathroom after that. Looking back, I don’t blame him. I must have looked insane as I tried to explain why I wasn’t ready to go out yet. “Two hairs, two, damn it”. Out damn hair, out!

Infomercials work because the makers of these mini horror movies have years of research behind them. Unlike traditional 60-second ads, designed to generate name recognition, infomercials use up to 30 minutes, in some cases up to 60 minutes (The Home Shopping Network has a mix of both, which is what hooked me) and are self-contained stories. Infomercials don’t just ask that you trust their brand; they have the airtime to tell you why you should. Infomercials must capture viewers’ interests, inspire them to get off the couch, grab a pen, write down an 11-digit number, dial that number and buy – product unseen. In order to do this, some psychology must be used. Good infomercials just don’t tell a story, they engage the viewer by pulling them into the story. This is done by first asking questions:

Are you tired of?

Do you ever wish?

Did you know?

Effective marketing establishes a need and tricks the viewer into thinking this is his or her need.

Next they lay out their wares as the very tools to fulfill this need by using some key phrases:

What if I told you..

This (fill in the blank) is the very thing you need.

All you need to do is..

After establishing both need and solution, the makers of infomercials spend the next 28 minutes showing you why you have this need and how to solve your problem. They use buzz words over and over again so that the gullible viewer, hearing them over and over, becomes convinced this is the very solution they need, even though minutes before, they didn’t even know the problem existed! Some buzzwords are:

Innovative

Life changing

Game changing

Huge

Beautiful

The best!

Money saving

Consumers, research has shown, will respond to positive messages/words if they hear them over and over again. Once convinced they have a problem, they will easily hand over money for the solution, especially if they think they are getting a good deal. This is why the old, “wait, there’s more” or, “We’ll throw in (fill in the blank)” catch phrases are so effective in selling crap. Viewers not only want their problems solved, they want to think they are getting one over on the company.

Research has also shown that viewers respond to fear and self-doubt. These infomercials may start with questions like:

Are you worried that…?

Does your family’s safety concern you?

Does (fill in the blank worry) keep you up at night?

Doesn’t your family deserve the best?

These types of questions rely on the viewers’ susceptibility to such questions. Once we humans are alerted to a possible danger our emotional responses replace our rational thought. It is through the manipulation of our emotions that allow infomercial companies to rake in billions of dollars each year, even though most of the stuff they sell is crap. I was once fooled into buying an “innovated cleaning cloth” that allowed colored clothes to be washed with whites. The cloth was marketed to “capture” bleeding colors so that the whites would remain white. No, no it didn’t. All it did was tie dye my then husband’s white T-shirts. He was not amused and I felt like a complete fool.

In short, infomercials prey on consumer’s vulnerabilities and insecurities by introducing a manufactured problem and cheaply designed solution. They are successful because they know what words to use and how to use them. They have years of marketing research that assists them to gain our trust and our loyalty. But underneath they are nothing but snake oil salesmen out to make a buck; not at all interested in giving the consumer something work paying for.

So what does this have to do with Donald Trump? I think you know where this is going..

Trump Tweet 3 9 16

It occurred to me last night, as I watched in horror and fascination, Trump’s “press conference, in which he displayed many Trump products, that he is nothing more than a human infomercial. I tweeted this idea tout because it answered the question, “Has America gone mad?” No my friends, America has not gone mad, but some of us have sadly bought into this sleek but slimy infomercial. Trump, who is a master salesman, has taken many of the same principles found in infomercial marketing and made them his own. He is preying on our fears and has not only outlined a manufactured problem, America is in trouble” he has come up with a cheap solution, “Let’s make America great again” and has spend months selling a story that backs up his claims. Those who follow him have allowed their emotional response to override their rational thought process. They are so scared that America is not great anymore that they forget that Trump, in all his years in business, has never done anything for America. He has always been in it for himself. This quest to be our national leader is nothing more than a bid to be even more powerful; it’s a “personal best” goal. Nothing this man has ever done has been for the greater good, yet thanks to his infomercial like campaign, people are lining up to get a good deal. But a good deal he is not.

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It’s time to turn off the human infomercial and realize that though we may have real problems, this cheap suite, this snake oil, is not the solution. He is nothing more than a product, as seen on TV.

Works referenced

Consumer Reports Should you buy this now?

Research Gate Infomercials and Advertising effectiveness: An empirical study