Station Eleven and why I’m not on board.

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Emily St. John Mandel’s Station Eleven is gaining widespread acclaim. It is a New York Time’s bestseller, and was a 2014 National Book Award finalist. For the life of me, I cannot understand way. While personally, 2014 wasn’t a stellar year for reads, this was by far the biggest disappointment.

To by far to Mandel, part of the disappointment can be can be laid at the feet of Random House. I was sent an e-mail by the publisher telling me of an exciting new book that told the tale of a troop of actors in a post-apocalyptic world struggling to keep culture alive by putting on plays by Shakespeare. The group was determined to bring light to another wise darkened world. Shakespeare, post-apocalyptic lit? My heart skipped a beat; why didn’t I think of this? My two favorite types of lit in on book. With a little envy for Mandel’s idea, yet excited to see how this would play out I pre-ordered the book. I could hardly wait to read it. This had to be good, right?

Post-apocalyptic literature, as you know, concentrates on survival. The struggle to survive, and what it means to survive is usually played out with characters coming face to face with situations they otherwise would never encounter. Authors push their characters into the darkness in order to see just how far someone can go and still retain their humanity. Robert Kirkman’s The Walking Dead is a good example of this. I cannot think of any post-apocalyptic book that shows the struggle to retain culture. The idea that survival depends on keeping culture alive is novel, yet very much needed. What is the purpose of rebuilding civilization if culture is dead? This question was one that was promised to be answered within the pages of Station Eleven. As it turned out, the promise was broken.

The plot is very convoluted, so bear with me as I try to unravel it. The story starts a few hours before the pandemic that will end up wiping out most of humanity hits New York. Famed actor Arthur Leander is on stage as Lear when he suffers a major heart attack and dies. A medic named Jeevan who is in the audience tries to save him. A child named Kirsten Raymonde is on stage when Arthur dies. She is very fond of Arthur who had just hours before had given her two comic books from a series titled Station Eleven. The comic tells the tale of a group of post-apocalyptic survivors traveling through space. Some of the survivors want to return to earth and see if humanity has survived, while others want to find a new planet in order to start fresh.

The first part of the book centers on Jeevan and his struggle to understand the horrors of a worldwide pandemic. It is compelling reading but unrelated to the central plot. Once his story is told, the book then jumps 15 years after the fall of civilization. It is here we meet our troop of “actors”, Kirsten Raymond is one of them.

Instead of meeting a group of people who have retained a civilized or cultured way of life, we are introduced to characters who seem to be suffering from post traumatic syndrome, which is odd given that Mandel tells us most are too young to remember life before the apocalypse or were born after the fall. The actors use the excuse of traveling in order to avoid settling somewhere. All the communities they encounter are dangerous or are wary of strangers. After a run in with one particularly cult- like community, Kirsten and a companion become separated from the troop and set out to find the fabled Severn City. This city turns out to be an airport full of survivors and their offspring. It is here where past and present collide. This is also the best part of the book. I would have been singing Mandel’s praises if she had written an entire book about these “airport” characters.

One of my biggest complaints is a problem that is shared with other post-apocalyptic novels. Why, if so many people survived, can no one figure out how to get the electricity back on? In this novel all the engineers, mechanics, and homegrown preppers must have died because no one has a clue how to do anything! Boy scouts know how to make batteries out of potatoes, yet there’s not a boy scout among the hundreds of survivors. Everyone we meet acts as if they’ve always lived in a third world country.

As I read the book, I could not help but think that Mandel was trying to tell too many stories for one book. The novel jumps back and forth in time. A large portion of the book tells of the decline of Arthur’s marriage to his second wife Miranda, the author of Station Eleven. Like Jeevan’s story, this had little to do with the plot and took a lot away from it. Mandel would have been better off, using these pages to make good on the promise of bringing light into a darkened world.

This is a novel about memories and how we hold on to them when our world is falling apart. This is the strength of the book and should have been the focus. It is when Mandel is writing about memories and what they mean to us that the book becomes alive. But sadly, because she offers so many characters and such a long time span, even this becomes stale. I am sure Mandel has a message but it was lost in all of her backstories. It’s hard to take a book about memories serious, if those we are supposed to remember won’t go away.

The novel ends so abruptly one has to wonder if there is a sequel coming or if Mandel became tired of writing. It was as if she realized in the last chapter she had nowhere to go with this story. I felt cheated. As much as I liked bits and pieces of the book, taken as a whole it just fell flat. It was a collection of short stories rather than one cohesive story.

For the life of me, I cannot figure out why this is the book everyone is talking about. I am hopping one of you has read it, and can give me a good reason as to why it is so highly praised. Hamlet sums up my feelings best.

How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable,
Seem to me all the uses of this world!

 

The Great Moon Hoax and why we still fall for it

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*Humbug: An act that calls attention to itself; it also allows for the possibility of doubt, and requires consent from those who participate.

*The first organic production of nature, in a foreign world, ever revealed to the eyes of man: a field of poppies.

*Matthew Goodman, The Sun and the Moon, The remarkable true account of hoaxers, showmen, dueling journalist and Lunar Man-Bats in Nineteenth-Century New York.

Okay, I’ll admit it. I love anything that smacks of a good hoax. An added bonus? Man-Bats! Who wouldn’t pick this gem up?

A couple of months ago my son Alex and I stopped by my favorite indie bookstore, GrassRoots Books. This cleaver book was on display front and center. With it’s enticing title and beautiful cover I just had to look at it. From the front sleeve:

On August 26, 1835, a fledgling newspaper called the Sun brought to New York the first accounts of remarkable lunar discoveries. A series of six articles reported the existence of life on the moon—including unicorns, beavers that walked on their hind legs, and four-foot-tall flying man-bats. In a matter of weeks it was the most broadly circulated newspaper story of the era, and the Sun, a working-class upstart, became the most widely read paper in the world.

I had heard of the Great Moon Hoax, but had never paid much attention to the story. It was one of those stories that I thought might be myth. Did a newspaper really fool that many people? I had to find out.

What I thought would be a tale of mischief and humbuggery turned out to be a history lesson into the early days of newspapers and American pre-Civil War politics. In the mix we meet Edger Allan Poe and P.T. Barnum. One man would prove to be the world’s greatest showman; the other a down on his luck writer who went to his grave believing the Moon story was stolen from him.

There is so much in this book I don’t know where to start. The history lesson starts before the summer of 1835. Goodman describes the tension building between the anti and pro slavery activists and how the New York newspaper fueled this tension and ended up creating the opinion based editorials that we now see as normal in print and cable media.

I had erroneously believed that it was our modern media that came up with the idea of replacing opinions with facts, and that the divide that is so prevalent in our culture is a result of it. Not so, teaches Goodman. In rich and vivid detail Goodman recounts the development of activist journalism and how its effects are still with us today.

Using the slavery debate as a backdrop, Goodman introduces us to newspaper owners, James Watson Webb, William Cullen Bryant, Benjamin Day, and others. Each determined to sway popular opinion in his political favor. To do so required a new type of newspaper, one that Benjamin Day would create and be the example all others followed, even as some went at it kicking and screaming.

Before the summer of 1835 there were roughly 852 circulating newspapers in America. New York had the largest selection (if I remember right there were four). At that time newspapers were viewed as a luxury for the upper- crust as the masses could not afford the time or money to read them. And who can blame them? Before Day came along newspapers were full of foreign news; mostly economic news coming from the English trading companies. When local news was reported on, it was usually watered down crime reports and highlights from events for the rich.

Day set out to change all that. First, he lowered the price of a paper to a penny. Next he sent a reporter out to cover crime stories as if they were Penny Dreadfuls; no subject or criminal was too “indecent” to cover. Day decided his audience would be the working-class. His editorials, unlike his rivals, did not cover “polite” politics. Day went against the grain and wrote about his anti-slavery views at a time when these ideas were only loud whispers, that usually found the view holder on the outs with proper society.

In order to sell his papers for a penny, Day had to sell a lot of them. And this is where Richard Adam Locke came in. It was Locke’s ability to weave a good yarn as they say, that Day needed. Locke came up with the idea of writing a factious account of Sir John Herschel’s real work in an observatory on the Cape of Good Hope. While Herschel was away studying the moon’s orbit, Locke would write of the “accounts” coming back via Scotland. It was a whimsical series, and well, if people believed it, then it was their fault.

The story of the Great Moon Hoax and its hold on the world is remarkable enough, but what is truly amazing is what it did to the publishing world at large. The other newspaper owners realized that by blending science facts with biased opinion, they could get their readers to believe what they wanted. We saw this in action when the pro-slavery movement came up with Social Darwinism to bolster their claims of mental inferiority.

Recently Roger Ailes is alleged to have said, “The Truth is whatever people will believe”. While there is no actual proof he said this, the sentiment was true in 1836. This is when paper men like Webb and Byant set out to shape mass opinion. I cannot find the quote (I should have taken better notes) but one of them roughly said, “we will tell the people what they should think”. This was said during a time when riots and street fights were becoming commonplace due to low wages, income inequality and dueling views on slavery. Newspaper owners may have trying to keep the city from tearing itself apart, but ended up dividing it with vitriolic editorials.

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Poe wrote about the hoax and the fallout; “The consequences of the scheme in their influence on the whole newspaper business of the country, and through this business on the interest of the country at large, are probably beyond calculation.”

We may not be able to measure the consequences, but we feel them. Of course not all of the fallout is entirely without merit. For without Locke and Day we would not have the Weekly World New’s Bat-boy. Yes, he is in this book too.

The Sun and the Moon is my favorite read of 2014. I cannot recommend it highly enough.

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