The Science of Discworld or why we believe lies-to-children

 

51vUHaAJhLL._SY344_BO1,204,203,200_The day the news broke that Sir Terry Pratchett passed away I visited my local library in search of books from the Discworld series with the intended purpose of rereading it. Unfortunately for Carson City fantasy lovers the picking is slim. All together the library has roughly 5 of his books, not counting those housed in the YA section. I picked up Mort and Sourcery (and yes, to all the pedants out there, this is how it’s spelled).

Since my local library wasn’t much of a source I reluctantly visited Amazon. The desire to remain a virtual visitor in Discworld enticed me. (I told myself no more books but well….)Skimming through the many titles and book type options I came across a title that gave me pause; The Science of Discworld by Terry Pratchett with Ian Stewart and Jack Cohen. Normally I would’ve passed on such a tittle as there is a copiousness amount of The …… of Discworld. There is: The Magic of Discworld, The Map of Discworld, the Folklore of Discworld (okay, this one sounds promising) and if I looked hard enough, I would’ve found The Food of Discworld, by Sir Pratchett and Cut-Me-Own-Throat Dibbler (if that last name doesn’t ring a bell don’t try to fake it during a discussion of Discworld, you’ll never make it).

The point is I wanted a story, not a “behind the scene”, “making of” or “you won’t believe what’s in this ‘pork’ pie”. These types of books are for collectors and the gastronomically brave stupid.

What caught my eye about The Science of Discworld was the fact that the two co-authors are scientist writers which led me to believe that there may be more going on in this book than another “making of”. I was right. This is the blurb:

Not just another science book and not just another Discworld novella, The Science of Discworld is a creative, mind-bending mash-up of fiction and fact, that offers a wizard’s-eye view of our world that will forever change how you look at the universe.

Can Unseen University’s eccentric wizards and orangutan Librarian possibly shed any useful light on hard, rational Earthly science?

In the course of an exciting experiment, the wizards of Discworld have accidentally created a new universe. Within this universe is a planet that they name Roundworld. Roundworld is, of course, Earth, and the universe is our own. As the wizards watch their creation grow, Terry Pratchett and acclaimed science writers Ian Stewart and Jack Cohen use Discworld to examine science from the outside. Interwoven with the Pratchett’s original story are entertaining, enlightening chapters which explain key scientific principles such as the Big Bang theory and the evolution of life on earth, as well as great moments in the history of science.

Scientifically, this is a magical book. For not only do we get a brand new Discworld story, we are offered a lesson in science by way of humor, and the unpacking of what Cohen and Stewart call “lies- to- children.”

Lies- to- children are false statements, but nevertheless leads a child’s mind towards a more accurate explanation. It’s a short cut to the truth. What’s a rainbow? It’s light passing through rain. Why is that cat mad? Because Mr. Schrodinger likes to pull pranks on his colleagues, and small animals.

But as the writers point out, “Unfortunately, what most of us know about science consists of vaguely remembered lies-to-children”. This was a big take-away for me. In my quest to understand why people are prone to believing false statements and easily disproven “facts”, the writers have opened my eyes to the possibility that we cling to the K.I.S.S. (keep it simple, stupid) principal because this is how we were first introduced to science and historical events. Many of us were never told there is more to the story and most of us it seems, are happy to live in a world full of lies.

The book offers readers a chance to grow beyond lies-to-children. Though admittedly at times it is more than a general book on natural science, it’s basically a primer on how the universe works from the atom to the galaxies. Don’t be discouraged if at times it seems a little daunting. The writers are willing to push their readers beyond general knowledge in order to get past simple explanations and our grammar school understanding of the world around us.

In between we are entertained by Pratchett’s narrative: one that pokes fun of science and science fiction. He does this by having the wizards create a universe housed in a bubble (it’s bigger on the inside) and watching as first a solar system is created, then a habitual, yet dangerous planet that no one would want to live on. When Pratchett gets to the evolution of apes, I could not stop laughing:

There was probably something you could do with a stick, he thought. Hopefully, it might involve sex. He poked around the debris and found not a stick but a dried-up thighbone, which had a sufficiently stick-like shape.

He rattled it on the ground a few times. It didn’t do anything much. Then he reluctantly decided it would probably be impossible to mate with at that moment, and hurled it high into the air.

It rose, turning over and over.

When it fell, it knocked me unconscious. (Might have made Arthur C. Clarke’s book more enjoyable if he had written these lines).

Rincewind sighed. He’d seen species come, and he’d seen them go, and this one could only have been put on earth for entertainment value. They had the same approach to life as clowns, with the same touch of viciousness.

Towards the end of the book it is mentioned that more on evolution is coming. It turns out this is the first in a series of four. Sir Pratchett’s last gift to his readers is a series of “Roundworld” books. They are: The Science of Discworld II The Globe, III Darwin’s Watch, and finally IV Judgment Day. I and II are available now. I cannot recommend them highly enough. Thank you Sir Pratchett for more stories, and thank you Stewart and Cohen for not making up lies-to-adults. We tell them to ourselves more than we should.

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April Fools!

april-fool-illus

Happy April Fool’s Day!

According to History. com the history of April Fools remains a mystery. What we do is that on this day in 1700, English pranksters begin popularizing the annual tradition of April Fools’ Day by playing practical jokes on each other.

Some historians speculate that April Fools’ Day dates back to 1582, when France switched from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar. People who failed to recognize that the start of the new year had moved to January 1 and continued to celebrate it during the last week of March through April 1 became the butt of jokes and hoaxes. These included having paper fish placed on their backs and being referred to as “poisson d’avril” (April fish), said to symbolize young, easily caught fish and a gullible person.

Historians have also linked April Fools’ Day to ancient festivals such as Hilaria, which was celebrated in Rome at the end of March and involved people dressing up in disguises.

April Fools’ Day spread throughout Britain during the 18th century. In Scotland, the tradition became a two-day event, starting with “hunting the Gowk,” in which people were sent on phony errands (Gowk is a word for cuckoo bird, a symbol for fool) and followed by Tailie Day, which involved pranks played on people’s bums, such as pinning fake tails or “kick me” signs on them. Some fun the Scotts are. Glad I didn’t live during these hilarious times!

We don’t know when Americans started to celebrate the day, perhaps it was a tradition they brought with them to the new world. We do know, once popularized it spread across the globe. It is not just the people’s holidays, many companies and institutions get in on the fun. With resources and money many of the most popular and highly charged pranks have been pulled off by the media, corporations and respected names.

In celebration of this day I offer you five of the most successful April Fool’s hoaxes.

1957spaghetti

On April 1, 1957 the British news show Panorama broadcast a three-minute segment about a bumper spaghetti harvest in southern Switzerland. The success of the crop was attributed both to an unusually mild winter and to the “virtual disappearance of the spaghetti weevil.” The audience heard Richard Dimbleby, the show’s highly respected anchor, discussing the details of the spaghetti crop as they watched video footage of a Swiss family pulling pasta off spaghetti trees and placing it into baskets. The segment concluded with the assurance that, “For those who love this dish, there’s nothing like real, home-grown spaghetti.”

The Swiss Spaghetti Harvest hoax generated an enormous response. Hundreds of people phoned the BBC wanting to know how they could grow their own spaghetti tree. To this query the BBC diplomatically replied, “Place a sprig of spaghetti in a tin of tomato sauce and hope for the best”.

treasury-atreus

In 1995 the Greek Ministry of Culture announced that during excavation for the Athens metro system, archaeologists had uncovered what they believed to be the tomb of Socrates near the base of the Acropolis. A vase containing traces of hemlock (the poison used to kill socrates) and a piece of leather dating from between 400 and 390 BC were found in the tomb. The news agency Agence France-Presse immediately issued a release about the story. What it didn’t realize was that the Greek Ministry was joking, forcing the news agency to issue an embarrassed retraction a few hours later.

1998pi

The April 1998 issue of the New Mexicans for Science and Reason newsletter contained an article claiming that the Alabama state legislature had voted to change the value of the mathematical constant pi from 3.14159 to the ‘Biblical value’ of 3.0. Soon the article made its way onto the internet, and then it rapidly spread around the world, forwarded by email.

It only became apparent how far the article had spread when the Alabama legislature began receiving hundreds of calls from people protesting the legislation. The original article, which was intended as a parody of legislative attempts to circumscribe the teaching of evolution, was written by physicist Mark Boslough.

taco-bell-liberty-bell

On April 1 1996, full page newspaper ads announced that Taco Bell has purchased the Liberty Bell and renamed it the Taco Liberty Bell.”While some may find this controversial, we hope our move will prompt other corporations to take similar action to do their part to reduce the country’s debt,” the ad said.

The fast food chain was quick to assure Americans that their access to the Taco Liberty Bell would not be hindered. Thousands of people called the headquarters of Taco Bell and the offices of the National Park Service, but were assured that it was a prank. My favorite part comes when the White House was asked to make a statement. White House Press Secretary Mike McCurry quipped that the Ford Motor Company was following suit, with the Lincoln Memorial being renamed the Lincoln Mercury Memorial.

And saving the best for last…

On 1 April 2008, the BBC announced that camera crews filming near the Antarctic for its natural history series Miracles of Evolution had captured footage of Adélie penguins taking to the air. It even offered a video clip of these flying penguins, which became one of the most viewed videos on the internet. Presenter Terry Jones (yes the Terry Jones) explained that, instead of huddling together to endure the Antarctic winter, these penguins took to the air and flew thousands of miles to the rainforests of South America where they “spend the winter basking in the tropical sun.”

Do you have an April Fool’s prank story? Do share!

BBC.Com
History.Com
The Museum of Hoaxes
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